Muscle Spasms

WHAT CAUSES MUSCLE SPASMS?

Muscle spasms may have diverse causes and are more commonly found in patients with well-developed muscles. Most commonly, muscle spasms may be attributed to electrolyte abnormalities or dehydration, or overuse. Spasms often occur abruptly, are short lived, and are intense and often painful. There are other causes of muscle spasms including injury or trauma, as well as medical conditions including hypothyroidism, and cirrhosis of liver and renal disease, amongst others.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE SPASMS?

• Intense pain in area of muscle spasm that may last seconds or minutes
• Bulging tight muscle may be palpated where the spasm occurs
• Muscle twitching
• May be confined to smaller muscles of the hand (writer’s cramp) or larger muscle groups of the low back and neck

HOW ARE MUSCLE SPASMS DIAGNOSED?

Diagnosing muscle spasms involves a comprehensive evaluation of your medical history, physical examination, and sometimes additional diagnostic tests. Your physician will review your symptoms, assess muscle function, and identify any underlying conditions that could contribute to the spasms. They may perform blood tests to check for electrolyte imbalances, thyroid function, or kidney and liver health. In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRIs might be recommended to rule out structural abnormalities or injuries. Electromyography (EMG) tests may also be used to assess muscle activity and nerve function.

WHEN SHOULD I CONSIDER GETTING TREATMENT?

It is important to seek treatment when muscle spasms persist despite self-care measures, such as hydration, stretching, rest, or when they significantly impact daily activities or mobility. You should also consult a specialist if the spasms are accompanied by other symptoms, such as weakness, swelling, or redness. Early intervention can help address the underlying causes and prevent further complications.