Kyphoplasty is indicated in the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis, some primary bone tumors, and metastatic disease.

Individuals experiencing pain from spinal compression fractures, particularly those with osteoporosis or vertebral fractures due to trauma are good candidates for Kyphoplasty. Candidates typically have persistent pain despite conservative treatments and show evidence of a spinal fracture on imaging studies.

Most vertebral compression fractures occur in the thoracolumbar region. Besides restoring height of a collapsed vertebrae and improving kyphosis (hunchback), kyphoplasty may play a role in improving the pulmonary function in COPD patients with vertebral compression fractures.

Once the site is prepped for the procedure local anesthesia will be applied to the targeted site to further reduce pain. Under fluoroscopy an introducer cannula will slowly be advanced to enter the pedicle of the vertebral body. Under multiple views the cannula is then further advanced into the center of the vertebral body near the anterior margin where the fracture is primary focalized. Once optimal placement is made with the cannula a balloon apparatus is inflated to build a cavity within the vertebral body for cement to eventually be injected into. The inflated balloon also helps restore the height of the compressed vertebral body and improve alignment of the spine. Cement (polymethylmethacrylate) is then administered under real-time fluoroscopy. Under careful review small increments of PMMA are injected into the cavity to make sure there is no extravasation outside of the bone or into the vessels. Once contrast flow is adequately spread into the vertebral body and vertebral body height and alignment are restored the cannula is removed and the incision site is cleaned with dressing placement.

The Kyphoplasty procedure generally takes about one to two hours to complete. It is performed on an outpatient basis, meaning most patients can go home the same day. The procedure involves a short hospital stay for observation and post-operative care, but the overall time spent in the medical facility is usually minimal.

Pain relief will be immediate for some patients. In others, elimination or reduction of pain is reported within two days. Additionally, patients may notice improvement in their posture such as a correction in a patient’s kyphosis or hunchback.

At home, patients can return to their normal daily activities, although strenuous exertion, such as heavy lifting, should be avoided for at least six weeks. Patients should see their physician to begin or review their treatment plan for osteoporosis, including medications to prevent further bone loss.

After undergoing Kyphoplasty, you should monitor for any signs of complications and contact your doctor if you experience severe or persistent pain, significant swelling, or redness at the injection site. Other concerning symptoms include fever, chills, or difficulty breathing, which could indicate an infection or other issues. Additionally, if you notice any changes in neurological function, such as weakness or numbness in your legs, seek medical attention promptly.